References
Healing Process:
Christensen, A. M., N. V. Passalacqua and E. J. Bartelink (2014). Chapter 13 - Analysis of Skeletal Trauma. Forensic Anthropology. San Diego, Academic Press: 341-377
Dirkmaat, D.C. (2015). A companion to forensic anthropology. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell.
Langley, N.R. and Tersigni-Tarrant, M.A. (2017). Forensic Anthropology: A Comprehensive Introduction. New York: Crc Press, Taylor & Francis Group.
Marsell, R. and Einhorn, T.A. (2011). The Biology of Fracture Healing. Injury, 42(6), pp.551–555. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.injury.2011.03.031.
Pountos, I. and Giannoudis, P.V. (2018). Fracture Healing: Back to Basics and Latest Advances. In: P.V. Giannoudis, ed., Fracture Reduction and Fixation Techniques. Springer, pp.3–17. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-68628-8_1.
Sheen JR, and Garla VV. (2020) Fracture Healing Overview. In: StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; May 8, 2022.
Wedel, V.L. and Galloway, A. (2014). Broken Bones: Anthropological Analysis of Blunt Force Trauma. Springfield, Illinois: Charles C. Thomas, Publisher.
Fracture Classifications:
Langley, N.R. and Tersigni-Tarrant, M.A. (2017). Forensic Anthropology: A Comprehensive Introduction. New York: Crc Press, Taylor & Francis Group.
Wedel, V.L. and Galloway, A. (2014). Broken Bones: Anthropological Analysis of Blunt Force Trauma. Springfield, Illinois: Charles C. Thomas, Publisher.
World Archaeological Congress (Organization) (2016) Handbook of forensic anthropology and archaeology. Second edition. New York ; London :, Routledge Taylor & Francis Group.
Fracture Timings:
Byers, S.N. (2017). Introduction to Forensic Anthropology. London, Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group
Christensen, A. M., N. V. Passalacqua and E. J. Bartelink (2014). Chapter 13 - Analysis of Skeletal Trauma. Forensic Anthropology. San Diego, Academic Press: 341-377
Dirkmaat, D.C. (2015). A companion to forensic anthropology. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell.
Kranioti E, (2015). Forensic investigation of cranial injuries due to blunt force trauma: current best practice. Research and Reports in Forensic Medical Science; Vol 5: 25-37. doi: https://doi.org/10.2147/RRFMS.S70423
Kemp WL, (2016). Postmortem Change and its Effect on Evaluation of Fractures. Acad Forensic Pathology; Vol 6(1): 28-44. doi: 10.23907/2016.004
Fracture Mechanisms:
Dirkmaat, D.C. ed., (2012). A Companion to Forensic Anthropology. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118255377.
Kimmerle, E.H. and Baraybar, J.P. (2008). Skeletal Trauma. CRC Press.
Langley, N.R. and Tersigni-Tarrant, M.A. (2017). Forensic Anthropology: A Comprehensive Introduction. New York: Crc Press, Taylor & Francis Group.
Non-metric Variation:
Iwanaga, J. and Tubbs, R.S. (2019) Anatomical variations in Clinical Dentistry. Cham: Springer International Publishing.
Mann, R.W., Hunt, D.R. and Lozanoff, S. (2016) Photographic regional atlas of non-metric traits and anatomical variants in the human skeleton. Spingfield, IL, U.S.A. : Charles C Thomas, Publisher, Ltd.
H;, N.J.D.D. (no date) Anatomy, head and neck, mandibular foramen, National Center for Biotechnology Information. U.S. National Library of Medicine. Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31613465/ (Accessed: April 18, 2023).
Visual Elements:
2d illustrations created in Adobe Fresco
Animation created using Canva
3d models created using zBrush and uploaded to Sketchfab
Christensen, A. M., N. V. Passalacqua and E. J. Bartelink (2014). Chapter 13 - Analysis of Skeletal Trauma. Forensic Anthropology. San Diego, Academic Press: 341-377
Dirkmaat, D.C. (2015). A companion to forensic anthropology. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell.
Langley, N.R. and Tersigni-Tarrant, M.A. (2017). Forensic Anthropology: A Comprehensive Introduction. New York: Crc Press, Taylor & Francis Group.
Marsell, R. and Einhorn, T.A. (2011). The Biology of Fracture Healing. Injury, 42(6), pp.551–555. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.injury.2011.03.031.
Pountos, I. and Giannoudis, P.V. (2018). Fracture Healing: Back to Basics and Latest Advances. In: P.V. Giannoudis, ed., Fracture Reduction and Fixation Techniques. Springer, pp.3–17. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-68628-8_1.
Sheen JR, and Garla VV. (2020) Fracture Healing Overview. In: StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; May 8, 2022.
Wedel, V.L. and Galloway, A. (2014). Broken Bones: Anthropological Analysis of Blunt Force Trauma. Springfield, Illinois: Charles C. Thomas, Publisher.
Fracture Classifications:
Langley, N.R. and Tersigni-Tarrant, M.A. (2017). Forensic Anthropology: A Comprehensive Introduction. New York: Crc Press, Taylor & Francis Group.
Wedel, V.L. and Galloway, A. (2014). Broken Bones: Anthropological Analysis of Blunt Force Trauma. Springfield, Illinois: Charles C. Thomas, Publisher.
World Archaeological Congress (Organization) (2016) Handbook of forensic anthropology and archaeology. Second edition. New York ; London :, Routledge Taylor & Francis Group.
Fracture Timings:
Byers, S.N. (2017). Introduction to Forensic Anthropology. London, Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group
Christensen, A. M., N. V. Passalacqua and E. J. Bartelink (2014). Chapter 13 - Analysis of Skeletal Trauma. Forensic Anthropology. San Diego, Academic Press: 341-377
Dirkmaat, D.C. (2015). A companion to forensic anthropology. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell.
Kranioti E, (2015). Forensic investigation of cranial injuries due to blunt force trauma: current best practice. Research and Reports in Forensic Medical Science; Vol 5: 25-37. doi: https://doi.org/10.2147/RRFMS.S70423
Kemp WL, (2016). Postmortem Change and its Effect on Evaluation of Fractures. Acad Forensic Pathology; Vol 6(1): 28-44. doi: 10.23907/2016.004
Fracture Mechanisms:
Dirkmaat, D.C. ed., (2012). A Companion to Forensic Anthropology. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118255377.
Kimmerle, E.H. and Baraybar, J.P. (2008). Skeletal Trauma. CRC Press.
Langley, N.R. and Tersigni-Tarrant, M.A. (2017). Forensic Anthropology: A Comprehensive Introduction. New York: Crc Press, Taylor & Francis Group.
Non-metric Variation:
Iwanaga, J. and Tubbs, R.S. (2019) Anatomical variations in Clinical Dentistry. Cham: Springer International Publishing.
Mann, R.W., Hunt, D.R. and Lozanoff, S. (2016) Photographic regional atlas of non-metric traits and anatomical variants in the human skeleton. Spingfield, IL, U.S.A. : Charles C Thomas, Publisher, Ltd.
H;, N.J.D.D. (no date) Anatomy, head and neck, mandibular foramen, National Center for Biotechnology Information. U.S. National Library of Medicine. Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31613465/ (Accessed: April 18, 2023).
Visual Elements:
2d illustrations created in Adobe Fresco
Animation created using Canva
3d models created using zBrush and uploaded to Sketchfab